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PERCENTAGE BODY FAT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN IBADAN NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGERIA

2018-08-08T08:17:29Z

Title: PERCENTAGE BODY FAT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN IBADAN NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGERIA Authors: OYOM, C. R. Abstract: Adolescence is a transitional phase from childhood to adulthood during which significant changes in body composition occur with a tendency towards excessive fat accumulation. Determining body fat proportions at this stage of life could give an insight into the need for early intervention. The actual body fat estimates of school adolescents have not been adequately researched in Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the Percentage Body Fat (PBF) of secondary school adolescents in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Nigeria. Using a three-stage random sampling method, 623 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years were selected from two private (141) and six public (482) secondary schools in a cross sectional study. A validated, structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics. Parents’ socioeconomic status was grouped as high, middle and low using the combination of level of education and occupation. The PBF was assessed using a Bioelectric Impedance Analyser (BIA). The participants’ PBF for age and sex were classified as low <5th, normal 5th – 95th and high >95th percentiles of the study population respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Student’s t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation. Overall mean age was 14.5±2.1 years and 60.0% were female. The participants were from families in low (19.6%), middle (51.7%) and high (28.7%) socioeconomic categories. Overall, mean PBF was 12.6±7.1%. Mean PBF for male 8.5±5.6% was lower than 14.9±6.7% for female (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between PBF and age among female (r = 0.064, p>0.05) but a significant negative correlation was observed among male participants (r = -0.224, p<0.05). Among male participants, mean PBF of low (7.8±5.2%), middle (8.3±5.5%) and high (9.2±6.1%) socioeconomic status were not significantly different (p>0.05). Similarly, there were no differences in the mean PBF of low (15.2±6.9%), middle (14.8±6.9%) and high (14.9±6.7%) socioeconomic status among female participants (p>0.05). Proportion of adolescent PBF <5th and >95th percentiles were 3.9% and 19.9% respectively. Prevalence of PBF >95th percentile was higher among male (28.1%) than female (14.4%) adolescents (p<0.05). Slightly more female participants (4.3%) than male (3.2%) had PBF <5th percentile (p<0.05). More male participants in public (31.8%) compared with 15.8% among those in private schools had PBF >95th percentile (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in prevalence of PBF >95th percentile among female participants in private (10.7%) compared with those in public schools (15.5%). There was no significant difference in the proportion of respondents who had PBF >95th percentile in low (20.5%), middle (22.4%) and high (15.1%). Similarly, proportions of participants with PBF <5th percentile in low, middle and high socioeconomic groups were 3.3%, 4.3% and 3.4% respectively were not significantly different. Male adolescents were likely to rise above 95th percentile of percentage body fat estimates for age and sex irrespective of socioeconomic status especially in public school. There is the need to initiate programmes that may enhance early identification of adolescents with the tendency of accumulating excess fat. Description: DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH, FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH, COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER’S OF PUBLIC HEALTH (CHILD AND ADOLESCENT HEALTH)

FACTORS INFLUENCING PARENTAL DECISIONS ON ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY AMONG RURAL AND URBAN-BASED PARENTS OR GUARDIANS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA

2018-08-08T08:02:23Z

Title: FACTORS INFLUENCING PARENTAL DECISIONS ON ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY AMONG RURAL AND URBAN-BASED PARENTS OR GUARDIANS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA Authors: OLAYEMI, O. M. Abstract: Adolescent pregnancy is an important public health problem on the increase in Nigeria. Few studies have investigated the circumstances and factors associated with parental decisions taken following an adolescent pregnancy, in spite of the implications of these on the adolescent. This study was designed to assess factors influencing parents’/guardians’ decisions on adolescent pregnancy. A mixed method study involving the use of Key Informant Interviews (KII) and semi-structured interview was conducted. A four-stage sampling technique was used to select 261 and 244 respondents from Omi-Adio (rural) and Apata (urban) communities respectively. KII were conducted with twelve parents; (six each from urban and rural settings) who has had personal experiences of a pregnant adolescent. Descriptive and Chi-square statistics, and logistic regression were used for data analysis and qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The UK Registrar general’s classification of occupation and socioeconomic status was used. Mean age of respondents from rural and urban communities were 50+9.4 years and 48+10.1 years respectively. Fifty-five percent of urban and 30.1% of rural respondents had tertiary education. More rural (70.3%) than urban respondents (35.4%) were in the low socioeconomic group. More rural (91.9%) than urban dwellers (88.9%) supported keeping an adolescent pregnancy. More urban (93.4%) than rural (76.3%) dwellers were of the view that an adolescent should continue school after delivery (p<0.05) while 25% of rural respondents and 18.0% of urban respondents mentioned that a pregnant adolescent be married to the person responsible for the pregnancy (p<0.05). Personal experience of adolescent pregnancy occurred in 17.2% and 16.4% of rural and urban respondents respectively. Adolescent pregnancy occurred in children and relations of respondents. Among rural respondents, the pregnant adolescents were either the respondents’ younger sibling (51.1%) or child (48.9%). In the urban area the pregnant adolescents were the respondents’ younger sibling (75.0%), child (20.0%) or the respondent/ his spouse (5%). More urban (85%) than rural respondents (60%) decided to keep the pregnancy (p<0.05). The decision to keep the pregnancy was mainly attributed to religious beliefs among the rural respondents (68%) and health reasons among their urban counterparts (76.5%). Urban dwellers were 5 times more likely to decide to keep the pregnancy than rural respondents (OR = 5.48, 95%CI = 1.71 - 17.59). Respondents in the high socio-economic group were less likely to decide to keep the pregnancy (OR = 0.20, 95% CI=0.06-0.65). The initial reactions of the key informant interviewees to discovery of pregnancy were disappointment. In the urban area, very few pregnant adolescents were said to have continued schooling till delivery and many of them resumed school thereafter while in the rural area, they all dropped out of school. Place of residence, socio-economic status and religion were key factors influencing decision to keep adolescent pregnancy with urban dwellers more favourably disposed than rural dwellers. Intervention programmes thus need to target those in rural areas to change their views regarding keeping of adolescent pregnancies and encouraging re-integration of adolescents that get pregnant. Description: A project submitted to the Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH (Child and Adolescent Health) of the UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN

PREVALENCE OF BODY PIERCING AND TATTOOING AND KNOWLEDGE OF ASSOCIATED HEALTH RISKS AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, NIGERIA

2018-08-14T12:51:26Z

Title: PREVALENCE OF BODY PIERCING AND TATTOOING AND KNOWLEDGE OF ASSOCIATED HEALTH RISKS AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, NIGERIA Authors: UMOH, I. I. Abstract: Body Piercing and Tattooing (BPT) can increase the risk of contracting infectious diseases. Despite the potential harmful health consequences, the practice has remained attractive to young people. Body piercing (BP) includes piercing of various parts of the body excluding single piercing of both earlobes for females. Documented information on BPT and the awareness of its associated health risks among young people in Nigeria is few despite the practice. It is necessary to determine the prevalence, motivations for practicing BPT and awareness of the associated health risks among young people. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of BPT and assess knowledge of associated health risks among undergraduates in University of Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey involving a 3-stage sampling technique using simple random and systematic methods were used to select 424 students in 34 rooms each from two male and two female halls of residence out of five and four halls respectively. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of health risks associated with BPT and practice of BPT. Knowledge of health risks associated with BPT was assessed on a 39-point scale and scores ≥20 was considered good. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test at 5% level of significance. Respondents’ age was 21.4±2.3 years and 50.0% were females. Prevalence of BP was 13.2% and tattooing, 1.9%. Majority (96.8%) of pierced respondents were females. Of the pierced respondents, 74.3%, 11.4%, 8.6%, 5.7% reported ear piercing, nose piercing, navel and tongue piercings respectively. Among respondents who practised BP, 87.1% were aged 20- 25 years while 12.9% were aged 16-19 years. More than half (58.1%) of the respondents who practised BP were in higher levels (300-500) and 41.9% in lower levels (100-200) of study. Reported reasons for piercing were fun (45.8%), fashion (33.3%), personal (12.5%) and desire to put on more earrings (8.3%). Half (50.0%) of tattooed respondents were females, of which 50.0% had tattooed their legs, (25.0%) chests and (25.0%) arms. Twenty six percent of respondents had good knowledge of health risks associated with BPT and 60.0% were not aware of hygienic rules regarding BPT such as use of sterilised equipment (26.5%), single use of needle (18.9%), and use of gloves (16.1%). Many respondents were aware of some health complications associated with BPT such as HIV (90.1%), keloid (84.7%), infection of site of piercing and tattoo (73.4%) and haematoma (67.6%). There was a significant difference between sex and knowledge of health risk associated with BPT. Prevalence of body piercing and tattooing was low while knowledge of associated health risks was poor among undergraduate students of University of Ibadan. Information on body piercing and tattooing and its associated health risks should be included in life building skills education programmes for the undergraduates. Description: A Dissertation in the Institute of Child Health, Submitted to the Faculty of Public Health In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH Of the UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN

HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF STUDENTS WITH PHYSICAL AND SENSORY IMPAIRMENTS IN SPECIAL AND INTEGRATED SCHOOLS IN IBADAN.

2018-08-14T12:55:01Z

Title: HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF STUDENTS WITH PHYSICAL AND SENSORY IMPAIRMENTS IN SPECIAL AND INTEGRATED SCHOOLS IN IBADAN. Authors: TOMORI, O. Abstract: The determination of Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QoL) is useful for assessing the impact of health and illness on people’s physical, psychological and social functioning. In Nigeria, the HR-QoL of students (who are mostly adolescents) with physical and sensory impairments has not been adequately researched. There is need for scientific basis for comparative description of the experiences of Students with physical and sensory impairments (SwPSI) in special schools (SS) and integrated schools (IS). Further, the self-perceived needs of these students are yet to be assessed as well as factors influencing their HR-QoL An interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disease and Health and Short-Form Health Survey-36, was used to obtain information from all 330 eligible students in 7 IS and 8 SS in Ibadan. Students less than 10 years old and those who had mental disabilities in combination with physical disabilities were excluded. Cluster sampling method was used. Respondents’ HR-QoL was assessed using 84-point scale. Scores of < 41and > 42 points were taken as low and high HR-QoL respectively. Domains of HR-QoL assessed with points include interpersonal relationship-11, general participation-15, performance in physical activities-19, general health-12, vitality-12 and mental health-15. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t test. Participants’ mean age was 15+3.9 years and 57.6% were males. Respondents from SS and IS constituted 59.7% and 40.3% respectively. The respondents included those with hearing and speech impairments (32.1%), hearing impairments only (24.2%), multiple physical deformities= (12.4%), speech impairments only (7.0%), visual impairments only (4.5%), limb impairments (13.6%), hearing impairments with other physical deformities (2.7%), speech impairments with other physical deformities (2.7%) and other types of physical deformities (0.6%). The mean HR- QoL scores of respondents in SS and IS were 48.3+10.6 and 50.1+10.0 respectively (p>0.05). The respective domain HR-QoL scores of students in IS and SS were: interpersonal relationship-(IS-7.5, SS-7.1) general participation-(IS-9.0, SS-7.7) performance in physical activities-(IS-12.1, SS-12.0) general health-(IS-7.4, SS-7.3) vitality-(IS-6.3, SS-6.1) and mental health-(IS-7.7, SS-8.2). Students in IS had higher scores in all domains except mental health. Students with visual impairment had the highest (52.1) HR-QoL score while those with multiple physical impairments had the least (39.5; p<0.05). Students in IS with visual impairment had highest scores in general health (9.9) and interpersonal relationship (8.8) while students in SS with hearing impairments had highest scores in general participation (8.3), vitality (7.1), general health (8.2) and mental health (9.2; p<0.05). The various needs identified by students in IS included more of Physiological needs and self-actualization needs while those in SS identified more of need for love and belonging and self-esteem needs. Factors identified in this study to be significantly associated with HR-QoL of SwPSI include family environment, school environment, type of impairment, use of individual education plan (IEP) and parental socio-economic status. Students kept in special schools had lower quality of life. It is therefore more beneficial to enroll students with limb, visual and speech impairments in integrated schools in order to improve their HR-QoL. Description: A Dissertation in the Institute of Child Health, Submitted to the Faculty of Public Health in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH (Child and Adolescent Health) of the UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN