http://ir.library.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/491 scholarly 2026-04-03T18:35:16Z http://ir.library.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/8205 Title: Degradation of Spent Oil Contaminated Soil Using Fungi from Organic Manure Authors: Fadina, O. O.; Solaja, O; Abiodun, A; Adetoyi, H Abstract: Soil is the key component of natural ecosystem because environmental sustainability depends largely on a sustainable soil ecosystem. Microbial breakdown of hydrocarbon pollutants is generally a very slow proceed, but it could be optimum biodegradation can only occur if the right environmental condition such as pH, temperature, nutrients and relevant microbial consortia are present, as well as the pollution of petroleum hydrocarbons caused a major change in the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The aim of this study is to determine the total petroleum Hydrocarbon degradative potentials of the intrinsic microbes. Two kilograms (2kg) of soil was thoroughly mixed with 200ml and 400ml of spent oil to give 5% and 10% contamination levels and a set of control was kept at 0%, 10%(w/w) each of the organic manure from poultry litter (PL), Cow dung (CD), and the mixed poultry litter and cow dung (MPLCD) was individually introduced into each spent oil contaminated soil and the rate of biodegradation was monitored for a period of 12 weeks. The percentage of total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) loss was significantly higher in the soil contaminated with MPLCD (40.46%) followed by PL (35.53%) and CD (27.70%) while 32.42% loss only was recorded in the soil contaminated with 10% spent oil and amended with MPLCD while PL was 30.04% and 25.60% for CD. The hydrocarbon-initializing fungi isolated and identified include Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. The amendment of spent oil contaminated soil with organic manure can significantly enhance the rate of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon. These activities can be used to remove or neutralize the contaminants of the soil, by petroleum hydrocarbon 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.library.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/8204 Title: Bacterial Degradation of Contaminated Soil using Organic Manure Authors: Fadina, O. O.; Solaja, O; Abiodun, A; Adetoyi, H. Abstract: Soil contamination is the presence in soil of unwanted impure materials from human activities. Many techniques of remediation of contaminated soils have been developed such as physical, chemical, photo degradation etc. Biological treatments offer the best environmental friendly method for remediating hydrocarbons and other contaminated soils because it utilized the capability of the indigenious micro-organisms in the environment to break down the hydrocarbons and heavy metals into innocuous substances. This study investigated the abilities of bacterial isolated, identified from organic manure and determine the total petroleum hydrocarbon degradative potentials. 2kg of soil was thoroughly mixed with 200ml and 400ml of spent oil to give 5% and 10% (w/w) each of organic manure ,poultry litter(PL),cow dung(CD) and mixed poultry litter and cow dung(MPLCD) was individually introduced into each spent oil contaminated soil and the rate of biodegradation was observed for a period of 12weeks.The percentage of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) loss was significantly higher in the soil contaminated with 5% spent oil amended with MPLCD(40.46%) followed by PL (35.53%) and CD(27.70%) while 32.42% loss only was recorded in the soil contaminated with 10% spent oil and amended with MPLCD while PL was 30.04% and 25.60% for CD. The hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria isolated band identified includes Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Microccus and Staphyloccus. The amendment spent oil contaminated soil with organic manure enhances the rate of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon. These additives can best be suited to remove or neutralize the contaminants in the soil 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.library.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/8203 Title: Toxicity Assessment of Sub Lethal Doses of Chlorpyrifos on the Kidney and Liver Organs of Male Wistar Rats Authors: Fayinminnu, O. O; Tijani, S. O; Fadina, O.O Abstract: Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate pesticide is an important neurotoxic and tissue damage agent. It is one of the most heavily used pesticides in domestic and agricultural applications globally. Repeated doses of chlorpyrifos have been able to cause significant disturbances on the biochemical and physiological functions of the blood, and histological abnormalities in livers and kidneys exposed to this insecticide. The toxicities of sub lethal oral administration of chlorpyrifos daily for 28 days were assessed using a completely randomized design. Twenty-five albino Wistar rats weighing between 150-200 g divided into five groups containing five rats each were housed in the Central Animal house of College of Medicine, University of Ibadan. Chlorpyrifos at 0 (control), 18.9, 25.9, 32.2 and 39.2 mg/kg were orally administered to male rats, respectively for four weeks, between the months of May and June, 2014. At the end of the experimental period, the toxicities of chlorpyrifos were assessed in rats using haematology, serum liver enzymes and histopathological assays. Results revealed significant reduction in body weights compared to control. The packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb) and lymphocytes (Lymp) also showed significant reduction at 39.2, 25.9 and 32.2 mg/kg (39.33, 45.40 and 44.80%), respectively compared to control (49.67%). Insecticide administration to rats resulted in significant elevation of serum transaminases (AST and ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) from 32.2, 39.2 and 25.9 mg/kg dosages, (ranged from 294.94-542.00 u/L for AST and from 96.25-130.77 u/L for ALT), respectively. Also, experimental treated groups exhibited marked of total protein and altered albumin and globulin contents compared to control. Studies revealed dose dependent increase of histopathological alterations. The livers showed moderate vacuolar change of hepatocytes, having a finely reticulated cytoplasmic and congestion of central veins. The kidneys showed mild focal sloughing off of tubular epithelium of renal cortex, fluid in tubular lumen, tubules appearing dilated and cystic (nephrosis) and proteinaeceous fluid in Bowman's capsule and compressing the glomerulus tufts (Esinophilic). Different concentrations of chlorpyrifos including the lowest tested dose produced marked alterations in the exposed animals in this study and thereby affecting the overall performance in terms of health and wellbeing. Thus, this could cause similar health and environmental risks to humans even at the lowest dose. 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.library.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/8202 Title: Heavy Metal Levels in Beans (Vigna unguiculata) in Selected Markets in Ibadan, Nigeria Authors: Adepoju, F. A; Adepoju, A. F; Fadina, O. O. Abstract: Aim: Beans play a significant role in human diet especially in developing nations like Nigeria which happens to be the largest producer and consumer of beans in the world. To ensure food safety, heavy metal levels need to be monitored on regular basis to control human exposure through dietary intake. Methodology: 72 Samples of brown beans (Oloyin and Drum) were obtained from three different markets in Ibadan, Nigeria. The markets were Ayeye Market. Bodija Market and Oja-Oba Market. Powdered samples were digested with nitric acid. Extract from the digest were analyzed for Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Results: Concentration of Cd and Pb ranged from 0.00 to 0.01 mg/kg and 0.00 to 1.52 mk/kg respectively. The results of this research indicated levels of Cadmium and Lead within safe limit, hence human health is not at danger. Conclusion: Efforts need to be made in total elimination of heavy metal in the beans because human health is at risk due to the effects of their bioaccumulation in the body 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z